The OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030 |
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Written by Katja Rauhala
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Link to OECD's publication: The OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030. Published March 2008. The OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030 provides analyses of economic and environmental trends to 2030, and simulations of policy actions to address the key challenges. Without new policies, we risk irreversibly damaging the environment and the natural resource base needed to support economic growth and well-being. The costs of policy inaction are high.
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries. IEA, 2006 Review. |
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Written by Katja Rauhala
Updated on 27 October 2009
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries. International Energy Agency’s (IEA), 2006 Review.
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Climate Change Synthesis Report 2007. IPCC. |
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Written by Katja Rauhala
Updated on 22 September 2009
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Climate Change Synthesis Report 2007. By Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC).
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Warming up to trade : harnessing international trade to support climate change objectives |
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Written by Grant Ferrier
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A World Bank 123-page study on harnessing international trade to support climate change
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Trade, environmental regulations and the World Trade Organization : new empirical evidence |
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Written by Grant Ferrier
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The 30-page World Bank paper empirically explores the linkages between environmental regulations and international trade flows. So far, empirical studies either have failed to find any close statistical relationship or have delivered questionable results due to data limitations. Using a comprehensive new database for environmental regulations across countries, a thorough empirical investigation of that linkage for 119 countries and five high-polluting industries is performed. No evidence is found to support the pollution hypothesis that industries facing above-average abatement costs with environmental regulations would prefer pollution havens and relocate their activities. The exception is iron and steel products, where a negative and statistically significant link is established, implying that higher compliance with international treaties and conventions and more stringent regulations are associated with reduced net exports. High-income countries, where environmental regulations are usually more stringent in comparison to middle or low income countries, have experienced a considerable decline in the export-import ratio of iron and steel products since the late 1970s. There is no clear evidence that national governments choose sub-optimal policies that result in insufficient regulations, so the case for environmental standards within the WTO framework is relatively weak.
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