This study presents a synthesis of 17 country studies on environmental goods and services (EG&S)
commissioned by the OECD, UNCTAD and the UNDP. The countries examined are Brazil, Chile, China,
Cuba, the Czech Republic, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Kenya, Korea, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Thailand and Vietnam. Its aim is to identify determinants of demand for
EG&S; to show common themes and experiences in the EG&S markets of different countries; and to draw
attention to key trade, environment and development policy linkages.

Chile's National Environmental Commission website names the country's top polluters

This study presents a synthesis of 17 country studies on environmental goods and services (EG&S) commissioned by the OECD, UNCTAD and the UNDP. The countries examined are Brazil, Chile, China, Cuba, the Czech Republic, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Kenya, Korea, Mexico, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Thailand and Vietnam. Its aim is to identify determinants of demand for EG&S; to show common themes and experiences in the EG&S markets of different countries; and to draw attention to key trade, environment and development policy linkages. It also seeks to contribute to the exchange of expertise and experience in the area of trade and environment so that liberalisation of trade in EG&S can benefit all countries, developing and developed alike.

The report focuses on the Environmental Industry (EI) in four selected countries of the Asia-Pacific Region. The countries selected are: China, India, Indonesia and Korea, representing different stages of EI development.

China's environmental deterioration emerged long before the World War II, resulting from rapid population growth and urbanisation, continued deforestation and the use of coal for power generation, factory operation and household heating. It has been accentuated during the postwar period by the government policy under socialist reconstruction which had given a top priority to industrialization without regard to environmental conservation and protection. The opening-up of the Chinese economy since 1978 under the leadership of Teng Xiao Ping to the rest of the world through foreign trade and investment, while accelerating econoic growth, industrialization, and urbanization, tended to worsen China's environment throughout the 1980's and early 1990's in the absence of both environmental awareness of the people and a determined government policy to preserve the environment. It has been only recently since the mid-1990s when the government began a frontal attack on environmental destruction through national legislation and administration. Fruits of the new government environment policy has been yielding some welcome results particularly in metropolitan areas, but not necessarily in vast rural areas of the country.